Which of the following is a drop-out risk factor related to extracurricular activities?

Low participation in extracurricular activities is a recognized drop-out risk factor. Research shows that students who are not involved in extracurricular activities often experience lower levels of engagement with their school community. This disengagement can lead to feelings of isolation and disconnection, which are critical emotional states that can influence a student's decision to stay in school or drop out.

Students who participate actively in extracurricular activities typically develop stronger social connections, boost their self-esteem, and gain a greater sense of belonging within the school. These positive experiences can reinforce their commitment to their education and enhance their overall academic performance, thereby reducing the likelihood of dropping out. In contrast, those with low participation may miss out on these benefits, thereby increasing their risk of leaving school before graduation.

The other options relate to positively reinforcing student engagement and involvement, which do not contribute to dropout risk. High extracurricular participation, active parental involvement, and consistent attendance at school events typically correlate with improved outcomes for students, making them protective factors against dropping out rather than risk factors.