Reaction formation is a defense mechanism that involves:

Reaction formation is a defense mechanism characterized by an individual acting in a way that is opposite to their genuine feelings or desires. This behavior typically stems from anxiety or conflict about those true feelings, leading the person to adopt a stance that is incongruous with their inner experience. By exhibiting behaviors that are contrary to their actual emotions, individuals attempt to manage anxiety or aversion associated with their true feelings, thereby protecting themselves from emotional turmoil.

For instance, someone who harbors feelings of anger or resentment towards a person might instead behave in an overly friendly or overly accommodating manner towards that person. The outward behavior contradicts the inner feelings, which is what defines reaction formation. This mechanism serves as a psychological strategy to cope with uncomfortable emotions, making it important for counselors to recognize such behaviors in their clients to facilitate better emotional processing and understanding.